Do Screens Cause Myopia? How to Read the Research

MyopiaProgression.com · Teaching guide

VISUAL GUIDE 2 / 3

Read the result with its uncertainty

1.21odds ratio per extra daily hour

95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.30. The dot is the pooled estimate; the line shows its interval. An odds ratio of 1 means no association.

2025 review: 45 studies, 335,524 participants. This association is not a 21-percentage-point rise in probability, a personal forecast or proof that a device caused myopia.

Ha et al., JAMA Network Open (2025), linear pooled analysis. Different studies and exposures limit individual interpretation. The chart does not establish a safe daily threshold.Sources: [1] · Open or save this visual ↗

Read in context